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Exploration and research on new sources of energy are conducted continuously. These include the possible energy harvesting from renewable energy, including biomass. Among available biomasses, algae are considered to have very high potential due to their characteristics. Advanced energy harvesting from algae, especially for power generation, with significantly high energy efficiency are described in this book. To achieve significantly high ener...

After the collapse of Saddam's regime in 2003, the most important issue in Iraq was the power-sharing arrangements among communities. At this point, the Iraqi people were presented with the chance to look for another political system which would retain all communities' participation: consociational democracy, an ideal theme in that kind of system everybody has a voice and contributes to the political process. Therefore, the US-led coalition fo...

Nitrogen Assessment: Pakistan as a Case-Study provides a detailed overview of issues and challenges related to nitrogen use and overuse, thus serving as a reference for researchers in Pakistan and providing important insights for other geographic regions. Excess and inefficient nitrogen use in crops and livestock sectors is polluting our rivers, seas, atmosphere, and ecosystems, contributing to climate change, hampering biodiversity, and contr...

Exergy has been defined as the maximum work that is useful, extracted from any process toward its equilibrium. Hence, it has a very strong connection with the second law of thermodynamics. In energy harvesting and management systems, the concept of exergy is very important because it represents the efficiency of the system. Exergy can be used as a tool to measure resource efficiency, as well as whole system sustainability. In addition, it can ...

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The rise and fall of the Japanese empire constitutes one of the most dramatic episodes of modern history. Within the short span of fifty years Japan grew out of political backwardness into a position of tremendous power. Japan's rise to power challenged Europe's hegemony over Asia, but, paradoxically, it was Japan's fall that caused the irreparable ruin of the colonial system over Eastern lands. Japan went to war against the West under the bat...

Phosphorus and Zn deficiencies are common nutritional restrictions to crop production in the soils of Pakistan. The P-Zn interactions in plants have been examined in the past but their interaction effects on economic yield of crops are still confusing, particularly in sandy clay loam soils. For these reasons, a field experiment was laid out in RCBD-factorial with three replications. It is concluded from this experiment that the treatment with ...

In the present studies, thirty genotypes of okra were screened against Earias spp. The genotypes, Parbani kranti, Pusa sawani, and Ikra-1 appeared to be most preferred while Diksha and Sabz pari proved to be least preferred to Earias spp. on the basis of fruit infestation (%). Maximum temperature was the most important weather factor which contributed maximum for fruit infestation i.e. 60.50 % for average of both the study years, respectively....

Phosphorus plays an important role in a number of processes in plants, especially in photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, membrane formation, energy generation, glycolysis, respiration and nitrogen fixation. Although total P in the soils are high but their availability to plants is too low to meet the requirements so viable strategies are needed to solublized the inorganic P and to use the RP (insoluble source of P) to decrease the dependence on...

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Traffic Engineering (TE) is the stage which deals with geometric design planning and traffic operation of networks, network devices and relationship of routers for the transportation of data. TE is that feature of network engineering which concentrate on problems of performance optimization of operational networks. It involves techniques and application of knowledge to gain performance objectives, which includes movement of data through networ...