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Most people today believe that psychoactive substances and psychotherapies are proven remedies for mental and behavioral problems categorized in the DSM-5 as mental illnesses. Biological psychiatrists in particular and society in general are convinced not only that psychiatric disorders are biological diseases but also that psychoactive drugs are agents that will fix genetic variances, supply missing chemicals, and correct brain dysfunctions. ...

The Nature vs. Nurture debate has existed since Sir Frances Galton first introduced the idea that the mind is determined by a person's genes and not his environment. It was at this point in history that both the evolutionary theory (under Galton's half cousin Charles Darwin) of the mind and the eugenics movement were born. Shortly thereafter, schools of psychiatry began to argue over whether nature caused mental illness or whether nurture was ...

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