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Petroleum crude oil is the main energy source worldwide. However, global fossil fuel resources and reservoirs are rapidly and disturbingly being depleted. Thus, it is particularly important to shed light on new techniques developed for economic production and better utilization of crude oil. In addition, the processes involved in the production, refining, and transportation of crude oil are environmentally hazardous. It is essential to develop...

III-V compound semiconductors are used in the fabrication of a variety of discrete and integrated optoelectronic devices due to their superior electronic properties. Diffusion is one of the fundamental processes employed in the semiconductor industry. This process plays a key role in the kinetics of many microstructural changes that occur during processing of semiconductors. Lattice defects robustly influence or even determine most of the impo...

Distraction Osteogenesis Lengthening of the amputated fingers is a simple and easy way to restore the function and the length of the amputated fingers after trauma. No donor site morbidity is present as the site of distraction provides the donor site at the same time. There is no need for sophisticated procedures for restoring function and length of the fingers. The patient experiences the procedure and is a partner in the lengthening process,...

This Book, which consists of eight chapters, focuses on the interplay between some important problems, namely the controllability problem, the eigenvalue assignment problem and the partial eigenvalue assignment problem, arising in linear control system theory and their solution by recent results and methodologies in numerical linear algebra. Our objective is to study stabilizing control systems of different orders through the problem of reassi...

The book is intended as that introduction to the ICP-OES technique. It was written not only for those persons who have some familiarity with other analytical techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry but also for novices in the field of analytical chemistry. The book begins with some simple, yet fundamental, concepts regarding atomic spectroscopy and the analytical techniques based on this field of study. As one progresses through the ...