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This book explores the role of the Federal Cabinet of Pakistan in the decision-making and policy formulation processes from 1947 to 1977.

A standard-measurement outline for the spatial analytical technique to fix up the standard of medieval age town is lacking in the subcontinent (India) and particularly in Bangladesh. Following Haggett's (1977) systematic ground survey, a survey model has been proposed to explore the town plan of Khalifatabad (the present study area). In additions, Quantitative analytical technique was also introduced to estimate the space of Khalifatabad town....

Penetration, Scabbing and Perforation are the basic elements of designing protective concrete structures against the impact of hard projectile. Vital structures such as nuclear plants, power plants, military structures, weapon industries, weapons storage places, bunkers, water retaining structures (dams, barrages, etc.), chemical and local industries, highway and railway bridges, tunnels, flyways, barriers etc have to be designed as self-prote...

For the last many decades, CMOS technology has played an instrumental role in driving the world economics & scaling down of size has been the fundamental strategy for improving the performance of the device.However, ITRS roadmap suggests that by 2016, the gate length of the MOSFET will be less than 10nm and at these nano scaled regimes both the fundamental limits and technological challenges are going to be encountered.Moreover CMOS technology...

This manual is more specific to medical students' especially first professional of Biochemistry. This book contains a huge variety of experiments related to carbohydrate, lipid and protein identification. Other contents of the book are, making of solutions (percentage, molar, normal and dilution) and buffer preparation of required pH by using Henderson Hasselbach equation. For medical and biochemistry students, this book also contains critical...

Objective structured clinical/practical examination (OSCE/OSPE) is a difficult aspect for the first year medical students. This book helps to solve the problems related to OSPE in Biochemistry.It is also deals with all viva questions with solution in biochemistry for the student of first year MBBS biochemistry. This book is checked by Prof. Dr. Sajida Bano, Head of Biochemistry Department, Hashmat Medical & Dental College, Jalal Pur Jattan, Gu...

Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) is the most important and commonly associated with tomato crop and is distributed throughout Pakistan. To combat this problem, tomato lines/varieties screened against the tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), in relation to epidemiological factors and different plant extracts (A. indica, A. aspera and W. somnifera) were evaluated for their efficacy to manage the disease.The most effective plant extract was A indica at 1% conce...

Production of Bio-diesel from non edible oily plant possesses a huge potential for the production of alternative resources of energy. Pakistan and other developing countries would require such kind of efforts to produce bio fuel from oily plants. Bio diesel production is a process which is completed in various steps like extraction of oil, transesterification by basic treatment, Washing with certain salts. Glycerine is a by product which can b...

The main objective of this research project was the production of laccase under optimum conditions, its partial purification and the effect of UV mutagenesis in Neurospora sitophila for hyper production of laccase. The temperature and pH of the incubation were 28 oC and 5.5 respectively. Growth medium employed to culture the Neurospora sitophila for the production of laccase was optimized through various experiments. The fermentation condition...

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the role of diet in human health. Nutraceuticals are widely accepted as an adjunct to conventional therapies for enhancing general well being of body that induces resistance against diseases. In the recent era, diet based therapy has been revitalized globally and people are adopting the approach of using natural materials as an intervention against various ailments. Citrus peel is example ...

Phytochemicals are endemic in the human diet from the ancient times to fight against diseases as most of the medicines were derived from plants. In the recent era, diet based therapy has been revitalized globally and people are adopting the approach of using natural materials as an intervention against various ailments. Black tea (Camellia sinensis) belonging to family Theaceae is one such example of functional drinks containing bioactive mole...

Modern DSP circuits, such as FIR, DFT, DCT, Image Processing involve multiplications of data with several constants (MCM).Our focus is to reduce number of adders/ subtractors, delays and adder depth by searching common subexpression in coefficients of MIMO Multiplier less FIR System. Different Tie Breakers i.e.minimum adder depth (for reducing power consumption), minimum Delays (for reducing Area) and minimum shift were introduced which reduce...

Enzymes are biological catalysts which accelerate the chemical reactions in living things without being consumed. A catalyst is a material which builds a chemical reaction goes faster, without itself being altered. A catalyst can be utilized again and again in a chemical reaction: it is available again for same function. Enzymes are exceptionally the same apart from that they are simply denatured by heating. This book discussed about the histo...

Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs) are gaining growing interest because of their suitability for mission-critical applications that require autonomous and intelligent interaction with the environment. Hazardous application environments make actors susceptible to physical damage. Failure of a critical (i.e. cut-vertex) actor partitions the inter-actor network into disjointed segments while leaving a coverage hole. Maintaining inter-acto...

Faisalabad is known as a city of textile not only in Pakistan but also all over the world. Several textile processing units are in operation in the surroundings of the city, which are releasing a substantial amount of azo dyes into the wastewater streams in the surroundings of these textile units.The discharge of these contaminants is considered to be a potential threat to the environment because of their hazardous nature. Thus, this study was...

Reproductive system of animal is very easy but its difficult to understand the normal and rhythmic physiological change due to hormone. Its true that without proper health and nutritional status an animal can't yield a good animal. So modern theriogenologists are heart and soul trying to develop the reproductive performance from grass level.There is general agreement among animal scientists that the single most important cause of economic loss...

Lignocellulosic biomass is abundant and a renewable resource for the production of biofuel (bioethanol) by using fermentative organisms (Sacchromyces cervesiae & Fusarium oxysporum). The conversion of biomass into maximum yield of glucose is an important step for the bioethanol production but it requires optimum dilute acid treatment. Bio-Ethanol production include various steps like, acid hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, recovery of glucose ...

The study made a significant contribution to the existing body of knowledge by integrating different aspects of organizational climate, transformational leadership and innovative work behavior. The study directly benefited the managers as they should become aware of the role of their leadership style in creating a climate that is conducive for employee innovative work behavior. The study provides guidelines useful for managers in enhancing emp...

Cet ouvrage traite la classification générale des Thallophytes et des Embryophytes. Les thallophytes comprennent des organismes ne possédant pas de tissus et d'organes vrais, comme les algues, les champignons et les lichens , on dit que leur corps est un thalle. Les Embryophytes, autrefois dénommées Cormophytes (« plantes à tige », du latin cormus : tige , du grec kormos, tronc) ou Archégoniates (végétaux dont le gamétange femelle est un arché...