Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
Kleinpenning, Petra H. Grand Duke Ludwig IV of Hesse and by Rhine (1837-1892) is best known to many as the husband of Princess Alice of the United Kingdom (1843-1878) and the father of daughters who married into the Houses of Romanov and Hohenzollern and into the Battenberg/Mountbatten family. Information about Ludwig IV can be found in memoirs, correspondences, and biographies of his relatives. However, publications specifically on Ludwig IV are rare.
This publica...