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Introduction The amount of data seems to go on and on increasing in the world. It is very important to collect data from different data banks, store and maintain the data and deliver the data to the user when it is required. Data retrieval is basically not enough, a tool is required for automatic summarization of data, extraction of useful information, and discovering important patterns from that data bank. A large amount of data is stored in ...

This book introduces readers to the fundamentals of transportation problems under the fuzzy environment and its extensions. It also discusses the limitations and drawbacks of (1) recently proposed aggregation operators under the fuzzy environment and its various extensions, (2) recently proposed methods for solving transportation problems under the fuzzy environment, and (3) recently proposed methods for solving transportation problems under t...

This book introduces readers to the fundamentals of transportation problems under the fuzzy environment and its extensions. It also discusses the limitations and drawbacks of (1) recently proposed aggregation operators under the fuzzy environment and its various extensions, (2) recently proposed methods for solving transportation problems under the fuzzy environment, and (3) recently proposed methods for solving transportation problems under t...

Arsenic (As) contamination of rice is a major problem for South-East Asia. Effect of selenium (Se) on rice plants exposed to As. Presence of Se decreased As accumulation by 3-fold in roots and 2-fold in shoots as compared to single As exposed plants. Arsenic induced oxidative stress in roots and shoots was significantly ameliorated by Se supplementation. Positive response was found associated with the increased activities of antioxidant enzyme...