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The provision of safe drinking water has been an important factor in the improvement of the health status of U.S. communities since the 1900s. Nonetheless, outbreaks of waterborne disease and incidences of chemical contamination of drinking water continue to occur.Setting Priorities for Drinking Water Contaminants recommends a new process for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to use in deciding which potential drinking water contaminant...

Sea-level rise may be one of the consequences of global warming. To understand changes in sea level caused by the "greenhouse effect, " we must understand the factors that have caused the sea level to fluctuate significantly throughout history. This new volume explores current views among scientists on the causes and mechanisms of sea-level change. The authors examine measurement programs and make recommendations aimed at improving our underst...

Small communities violate federal requirements for safe drinking water as much as three times more often than cities. This book reviews the risks and presents a variety of institutional and technological options for improving the management efficiency and financial stability of water systems.

Federal management of water is undergoing a change that involves a drastic reduction in the number of new water projects and an increase in emphasis on the quality of water management. This book summarizes and analyzes environmental research conducted in the lower Colorado River below the Glen Canyon Dam under the leadership of the Bureau of Reclamation. It reviews alternative dam operations to mitigate impacts in the lower Colorado riverine e...

This report presents a science plan for the study of Mount Rainier as a Decade Volcano Demonstration Project and addresses the application of scientific results to the assessment of volcanic hazards and mitigation of risk.

The flood of wastewater, stormwater, and pollutants discharged into coastal waters is a major concern. This new book offers a well-delineated approach to integrated coastal management. The core of the volume is a detailed model for integrated coastal management, offering basic principles and methods, a direction for moving from general concerns to day-to-day activities, specific steps from goal setting through monitoring performance, and a bas...

A small but growing number of municipalities are augmenting their drinking water supplies with highly treated wastewater. But some professionals in the field argue that only the purest sources should be used for drinking water. Is potable reuse a viable application of reclaimed water? How can individual communities effectively evaluate potable reuse programs? How certain must "certain" be when it comes to drinking water safety? Issues in Potab...

This book presents the state of the art in the cleanup of various types of ground water and soil contaminants. It explores why the market for remediation technology is uniquely lacking in economic drivers, why the demand has been weaker than predicted, and how to evaluate the performance of cleanup technologies from the points of view of the public, regulators, and others.

With an increasing population, use of new and diverse chemicals that can enter the water supply, and emergence of new microbial pathogens, the U.S. federal government is faced with a regulatory dilemma: Where should it focus its attention and limited resources to ensure safe drinking water supplies for the future?Identifying Future Drinking Water Contaminants is based on a 1998 workshop on emerging drinking water contaminants. It includes a do...

Hydrologic science -- the important, interdisciplinary science dealing with the occurrence, distribution, and properties of water on Earth -- is central to understanding and resolving many contemporary, large-scale environmental issues. In this book, the Water Science and Technology Board uses the 1997 Abel Wolman Distinguished Lecture to assess the vitality of the hydrologic sciences by the hydrologic community. The event included Thomas Dunn...

This book, the result of a congressionally mandated study, examines the adequacy of the regulatory framework for mining of hardrock minerals, such as gold, silver, copper, and uranium, on over 350 million acres of federal lands in the western United States. These lands are managed by two agencies -- the Bureau of Land Management in the Department of the Interior, and the Forest Service in the Department of Agriculture.The committee concludes t...

This book presents a comprehensive, up-to-date review of technologies for cleaning up contaminants in groundwater and soil. It provides a special focus on three classes of contaminants that have proven very difficult to treat once released to the subsurface: metals, radionuclides, and dense nonaqueous-phase liquids such as chlorinated solvents.Groundwater and Soil Cleanup was commissioned by the Department of Energy (DOE) as part of its progra...

Since the need to protect ground water from pollution was recognized, researchers have made progress in understanding the vulnerability of ground water to contamination. Yet, there are substantial uncertainties in vulnerability assessment methods now available. This volume will help decisionmakers derive the most benefit from available assessment techniques. It offers three laws of ground water vulnerability, six case studies of vulnerability ...

Efforts to understand climate variability and predict future climate change have highlighted many aspects of the hydrologic cycle and the exchange of energy and water at the atmosphere-surface interface as areas of critically needed study. The very nature of weather and climate demands that an international perspective and a comprehensive research approach be applied to understand these important issuses. In response to this need, the internat...

To fulfill its commitment to clean water, the United States depends on limnology, a multidisciplinary science that seeks to understand the behavior of freshwater bodies by integrating aspects of all basic sciences - from chemistry and fluid mechanics to botany, ichthyology, and microbiology. Freshwater Ecosystems responds with recommendations for strengthening the field and ensuring the readiness of the next generation of practitioners. Highli...

The favorable geological setting for vast accumulations of oil and gas in Alaska's coastal and offshore areas has attracted the attention of hydrocarbon resource explorers for several decades. Counterbalancing the great resource potential is a harsh physical environment and considerable concern about the impacts of exploration and development on the living resources, landscape, and livelihood and culture of the Native American population.

The focus of this study is to conduct a technical review and evaluation of the scientific basis of U.S. management of fisheries for the Atlantic bluefin tuna, and to address general questions.

The scientific objectives of the next generation of airborne geophysics programs were discussed within the framework of the technical elements. The following report is based primarily on information presented at the workshop and on the expertise of the workshop participants and the steering committee.

Alluvial fans are gently sloping, fan-shaped landforms common at the base of mountain ranges in arid and semiarid regions such as the American West. Floods on alluvial fans, although characterized by relatively shallow depths, strike with little if any warning, can travel at extremely high velocities, and can carry a tremendous amount of sediment and debris. Such flooding presents unique problems to federal and state planners in terms of quant...

The NRC Panel on the Atmospheric Effects of Aviation (PAEAN) was established to provide guidance to NASA's Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Program (AEAP) by evaluating the appropriateness of the program's research plan, appraising the project-sponsored results relative to the current state of scientific knowledge, identifying key scientific uncertainties, and suggesting research activities likely to reduce those uncertainties. Over the last fe...