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The quality of seed to a great extent depends on the appropriate stage of the fruits at the time of harvest. Hence it becomes crucial to underline the optimum stage of harvesting the fruits for seed purpose. It has also been observed that if the harvested fruits of gourd crops are kept for some time before the extraction, it further improves the quality of seeds. It thus becomes important to specify the post harvest period (after ripening) als...

This book discusses the active and passive radar cross section estimation and techniques to examine the low observable aerospace platforms.

It is a rendering-an interpretation of a very complex idiom. It attempts to keep intact all the metaphysical ambiguities and mystical rhythms of the original text that are generally lost in normal translations. The author has eminently succeeded in this linguistic exercise." -H.S. Gill, Professor EmeritusCentre of Linguistics & EnglishSchools of Language, Literature, & Culture StudiesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi, India

Psyllium (Ispagulla), also known as spogel seeds, is an almost stem less small herb covered with dense and soft hairy growth. It has very narrow leaves and minute flowers in oval or cylindrical spikes. The upper leaf of fruits opens like a lid and its seed are boat shaped. The seeds of this plant, also known as flea seeds, constitute of drug. In the whole world, Psyllium (Plantago ovate F.) is traditionally cultivated in North Gujrat only. Dur...

In sericulturally advanced countries, the seed production technologies have been perfected to its highest level. Though, in India silkworm seed production is practiced since decades, it is yet to be standardized to its perfection. To meet the requirement of seed to Indian sericulture farmers, the country requires more than 30 crore disease free commercial silkworm seed. However, all the agencies in the country together produce only 24 crore di...

In this book, a modified improved LMS algorithm is employed for weight adaptation of dipole array for the generation of beam pattern in multiple signal environments. In phased arrays, the generation of adapted pattern according to the signal scenario requires an efficient adaptive algorithm. The antenna array is expected to maintain sufficient gain towards each of the desired source while at the same time suppress the probing sources. This can...

This book focuses on determination of scattering of parallel-fed planar dipole arrays in terms of reflection and transmission coefficients at different levels of the array system. In aerospace vehicles, the phased arrays are often in planar configuration. The radar cross section (RCS) of the vehicle is mainly due to its structure and the antennas mounted over it. There can be situation when the signatures due to antennas dominate over the stru...

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This book presents a comprehensive review of plasma-based stealth, covering the basics, methods, parametric analysis, and challenges towards the realization of the idea. The concealment of aircraft from radar sources, or stealth, is achieved through shaping, radar absorbing coatings, engineered materials, or plasma, etc. Plasma-based stealth is a radar cross section (RCS) reduction technique associated with the reflection and absorption of inc...

This book presents the detailed analytical formulation for the RCS of parallel-fed linear dipole array in the presence of mutual coupling. The radar cross section (RCS) of an object represents its electromagnetic (EM) scattering properties for a given incident wave. The analysis of scattered field is critical in military and defence arenas, especially while designing low-observable platforms. It is well-known that the presence of an antenna/ar...

This book presents electromagnetic (EM) design and analysis of dipole antenna array over high impedance substrate (HIS). HIS is a preferred substrate for low-profile antenna design, owing to its unique boundary conditions. Such substrates permit radiating elements to be printed on them without any disturbance in the radiation characteristics. Moreover HIS provides improved impedance matching, enhanced bandwidth, and increased broadside directi...

This book presents a simple and systematic description of EM design of antenna arrays. Printed dipole antennas are known to be simple yet more efficient than wire antennas. The dielectric substrate and the presence of ground plane affect the antenna performance and the resonant frequency is shifted. This book includes the EM design and performance analysis of printed dipole arrays on planar and cylindrical substrates. The antenna element is ta...

In this book, the RCS of a parallel-fed linear and planar dipole array is derived using an approximate method. The signal propagation within the phased array system determines the radar cross section (RCS) of phased array. The reflection and transmission coefficients for a signal at different levels of the phased-in scattering array system depend on the impedance mismatch and the design parameters. Moreover the mutual coupling effect in betwee...

The work entitled "Genetics of agro-morphological yield determinants in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilkzek)" is submitted by Chandra Mohan Singh to award the Ph. D. Degree with specialization in Plant Breeding and Genetics, Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa - 848 125, Samastipur, Bihar. This work comprised of morphological characterization of mungbean genotypes, genetic variability parameters, correlation, regression, path analysis, multi...

This book is compilation of studies related with the xenobiotics i.e. chemical or other substance that is not normally found in the ecosystems and get accumulated at higher concentration in the biological system due to rampant industrialisation and urbanisation activities. This book has tried to give information on various issues to give comprehensive and concise knowledge of the recent advancement in the field of environmental xenobiotics and...

Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) is electromagnetic radiation coming from the sun, with a medium wavelength which is mostly absorbed by the ozone layer. The biological effects of UV-B are greater than simple heating effects, and many practical applications of UV-B radiation derive from its interactions with organic molecules. It is considered particularly harmful to the environment and living things, but what have scientific studies actually shown? UV-B R...

Vilsmeier-Haack reaction has been recognised as one of the most relevant tool both of industrial and academic importance. The reagent undergoes different courses of reactions, namely formylation, acylhaloaddition, cyclization, ring annulation and dehydroxylation. The work entitled, "Vilsmeier-Haack Reagent Aided Synthesis and Quinoline based Fused Heterocyclic Compounds", deals the brief survey on the applications of Vilsmeier-Haack reagent on...