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Why do some Artificial Intelligence (AI) projects succeed beyond all expectations while others fail miserably? Amazing achievements like the Deep Blue computer and the Google search engine contrast sharply against utter failures like the Watson Health expert system and the mayhem and even death caused by some self-driving cars. What determines the success or failure of AI projects? How can one avoid failures in the future? This book answers th...

What is the nature of knowledge? What is time? This book proposes answers to these and other centuries-old, and so far unresolved, questions about the world using results of modern brain science and a key method of the philosopher Wittgenstein. The book relies on the same tools to show why some of these questions about the world simply cannot be answered. For example: Do we have free will? The arguments rely on a very general concept of subcon...

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The engineering advances started in the second half of the 20th century have created an avalanche of new technology. Control and use of that technology require, among many things, effective computational methods for logic. This book proposes one such method. It makes use of a theory of logic computation based on matroid theory, in particular matroid decomposition. Main features of the theory are an extension of propositional logic, an analysis...

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Modern brain science has produced extraordinary insight into the functioning of the human brain. This book combines some of these results with the idea of subconscious and conscious models. It then explores how these models often generate magic, sometimes error, and occasionally terror. Subconscious models help us understand how psychotherapy changes minds, why fatigue is an emotion, how breathing affects our well-being, and how we may give mi...

In the early 17th century, both Jost Bürgi and John Napier dared to invent a logarithm table whose construction required tens of thousands of computing steps. These tables reduced computing effort for multiplication and division by an order of magnitude. Indeed, their invention launched a computing revolution that continues to this day. The book tells the story of Bürgi's and Napier's work, and how Henry Briggs built on Napier's idea, creating...

Is mathematics created or discovered? The answer has been debated for centuries. This book answers the question clearly and decisively by applying the concept of language games, invented by the philosopher Wittgenstein to solve difficult philosophical issues. Using the results of modern brain science, the book also explains how it is possible that eminent mathematicians and scientists offer diametrically opposed answers to the question of crea...

Principles for constructing intelligent systems Design of Logic-based Intelligent Systems develops principles and methods for constructing intelligent systems for complex tasks that are readily done by humans but are difficult for machines. Current Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches rely on various constructs and methods (production rules, neural nets, support vector machines, fuzzy logic, Bayesian networks, etc.). In contrast, this book...