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This book assembles the latest knowledge linked to urban environments and urban socio-eco-technological systems including urban, energy, transport, material, and ecosystems. Urban environments and systems affect every person¿s life in many ways and can have negative impacts on the local and global environment. They create value but sometimes with a high environmental cost from a lifecycle perspective. Therefore, scientists and global leaders c...

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool that enables engineers and scientists to simulate fluid flows in a variety of applications, including thermal engineering, biomedical engineering, and environmental modeling. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to CFD, encompassing fundamental theory, mathematical and numerical techniques, and practical applications. The book begins by systematically introducing the basic concep...

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has attracted the attention of many researchers and users alike, and it has become increasingly crucial in our modern society. From cars, smartphones, airplanes, medical equipment, consumer applications, and industrial machines, among others, the impact of AI is notoriously changing the world we live in and making it better in many areas. However, it is equally important to remember that every progress comes with c...

Games both as activities and as a basic educational tool are important not only from birth to death, but also from the beginnings of human society to the present day. This book describes some modern game approaches, procedures and algorithms, as well as the practical use of game theory and its development. The discipline of game theory deals mainly with types, description, algorithmization and strategies, but also the formalization of games. A...

Cyber security providers are facing a continuous stream of new, sophisticated cyberattacks on cyber critical infrastructures worldwide. These cyberattacks are often triggered by malware and ransomware. This book presents a collection of selected papers addressing malware detection, which is necessary to create reliable and resilient cyber and computer security mechanisms.

Aridity is the imbalance between long-term average water supply and long-term average water demand. Arid environments cover more than one-third of the world's land area and represent the most common habitat on Earth after the oceans. Aridity poses a threat to the environment and the economy, and to security, development, food security, and social life around the world. The causes of increased aridity are complex and are thought to be both natu...

This book discusses multi-agent technologies (MATs) and machine learning (ML). These tools can be integrated and applied in industry, commerce, energy, medicine, psychology, and other areas. This volume consists of six chapters in three sections that discuss the integration, applications, and advanced results of MATs and ML.

This book provides a detailed analysis of recent advances in the various voltammetric techniques used to determine different analytes. It describes the basic concepts of voltammetry and its applications in a simple, easy-to-understand way. The book will suit anyone who wants to learn more about electrochemical sensors, different voltammetric methods, and their advanced applications, including undergraduate, postgraduate and research students.

Despite technological advancements, the human operator is still the most important part of any production system. To increase productivity, quality, and effectiveness within production systems, ergonomics, the study of people's efficiency in their working environment, is crucial. Ergonomics involves three pillars: physical, organizational, and cognitive. In today's technologically competitive production environment, physical ergonomics is evol...

This book presents a comprehensive overview of bridge and road engineering. Apart from bridge structures, roads and highways are integral to the advancement of cities. The lack of quantifiable, sustainable construction methods creates gaps in sustainability knowledge, leading to public, environmental, and financial dissatisfaction with completed highways and urban roads. This book discusses the key points in the design and construction assessm...

Patients with schizophrenia need a personalized medicine approach where the pharmacological and neurological mechanism is understood from the perspective of the patient's own experience and symptoms. Even though genetics play a role in the etiology, there are other important contributing risk factors. Schizophrenia is not a single-disease entity but has overlapping neurobiological and clinical profiles with other disorders such as autism and s...

COVID-19 Vaccines - Current State and Perspectives provides the reader with the latest overview and opinions on the current state of the art in COVID-19 vaccines, as well as future prospects. The challenges covered include novel vaccine development for the emerging variants of concern (VOCs), vaccine side-effects with real-world examples, population hesitancy, and country experiences with COVID-19 vaccine development, clinical trialing and mas...

Lignin, found in the cell walls of trees and plants, is the second-most naturally abundant biopolymer. It is composed of alkyl-aromatic polymer units. This book describes the composition and structure of lignin, strategies for its chemical modification, and studies of biopolymer lignin. It also discusses the synthesis and characterization of lignin, methods for degradation, applications in various materials, and prospects for further developme...

Sustainability is an approach increasingly being used by more and more organizations in the pursuit of a circular economy. Sustainability cannot be achieved without risk management. As such, this book discusses the risk management process, which is integral to meeting organizational objectives. Chapters address such topics as risk analysis, risk management models, communication and leadership, managing risk in different countries and industrie...

Response surface methodology (RSM) is the statistical and mathematical technique that lays its foundation of quality in any experiment and it aims to optimize the response. RSM is mainly used for modeling and optimization of process parameters. This book discusses advances in RSM and its applications. Chapters discuss topics such as cyclic generators for Box-Behnken Designs, the application of RSM for product design, and potential applications...

Electric machines are widely used in industry, energy, and transport, among other sectors. They are also heavily researched with scientific and technological efforts focusing on three main areas: electric motor technologies, supervision and maintenance strategies, and control schemes. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the technology and applications of electric machines. It is organized into two sections on maintenance and control...

This book includes fourteen chapters on photocatalysis. It provides a thorough overview of the latest research on photocatalysts and examines recent trends in the field. Chapters address such topics as metal-organic frameworks, semiconductors, self-cleaning coatings and surfaces, the use of "green" agents to fabricate materials, fabrication of advanced nanocomposites for the production of hydrogen, bifunctional catalysts for metal-air batterie...

Carbon Nanotubes - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Potential Applications covers all the important nanotechnological aspects of carbon materials, including their growth and characterization, processing and fabrication, development and potential applications. Recent developments, innovative preparation methods and promising new frontiers around this advanced nanotechnology are reviewed under the editorship of an internationally renowned s...

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