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Cancer is a major public health problem and much research is being conducted to develop effective treatments for various types of malignancies. In doing so, researchers must have comprehensive knowledge about what causes cancer. This book explains the mechanisms of different types of cancers in twelve chapters organized into three sections on oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and viral oncogenes.

Topology is an area of mathematics that establishes relations and transformations between spaces with a certain structure depending on their position and considering the structure of the ambient space where these relations exist. This book discusses various concepts and theories of topology, including diffeomorphisms, immersions, Hausdorff spaces, cobordisms, homotopy theory, symplectic manifolds, topology of quantum field theory, algebraic va...

The research on computer vision systems has been increasing every day and has led to the design of multiple types of these systems with innumerous applications in our daily life. The recent advances in artificial intelligence, together with the huge amount of digital visual data now available, have boosted vision system performance in several ways. Information extraction and visual object tracking are essential tasks in the field of computer v...

Corrosion in materials is responsible for huge direct as well as indirect losses around the world. To address corrosion, a combinational approach involving molecular simulations of natural inhibitors, pre-structural designs, and the development of traditional but functional polymeric nanocomposites is recommended. This book presents the basics of corrosion from thermodynamic and kinetic points of view, discusses the major driving force behind ...

The unique tissues of human teeth, enamel, and dentin have been studied by scientists to understand their structure, physical and chemical properties, and the developmental machinery behind these extraordinary properties. During the developmental process, genetic, and environmental factors or the interplay between them may cause defects in dental hard tissues, impairing their biology and function. These defects have long been studied to provid...

This book explores current trends in orthodontics. It covers a broad range of topics over four sections: ¿Current Evidence on Tooth Movement, ¿ ¿Digitization and Workflow, ¿ ¿Orthodontics Techniques and Trends, ¿ and ¿Early Treatment.¿

Progress in industrialization and automation engineering is creating many new opportunities in the autonomous systems industry. With the uncertain and highly nonlinear dynamics of the real world where these new technologies will be deployed, a reliable control strategy is necessary. This book provides a high-level discussion on model-based control engineering and its various applications.

Electromagnetic waves within a terahertz frequency range are becoming critical to investigating molecules, materials, and possible applications that are operated by both visible light and infrared rays. This book discusses sensing, imaging, and optoelectronic technologies of terahertz electromagnetic waves in theory and experiments. Most terahertz technologies can be explained by fundamentals of applied physics that have been demonstrated in o...

Food ripening sweetens foods such as fruits and makes them tastier, more aromatic, and more nutritious. To achieve the beneficial results of food ripening in a controlled manner, agronomic engineers, food industry engineers, and scientists use state-of-the-art technologies. This book, New Discoveries in the Ripening Processes, presents a comprehensive overview of the food ripening process. It is organized into seven chapters that address disco...

The preschool period is a period in which children investigate and try to get to know their environment, are willing to communicate with their environment and begin to acquire the value judgments of the society they live in and the behaviors and habits appropriate to the cultural structure of that society. In this period when the foundations of personality are laid, the child needs conscious guidance in home, school, and social life. By provid...

Façade design is a challenging task, in which multidisciplinary issues and aspects should be optimally considered and addressed. This is especially the case of building façades exposed to seismic events, impacts, or fire. Special attention and major efforts are required for the detection and application of new technologies in the generation of modern, adaptive façade systems. This book presents a selection of research contributions to provide ...

Unlock the future of global economics and business with New Topics in Emerging Markets. This captivating edited volume is your gateway to understanding the dynamic forces shaping economies on the rise. Delve into critical themes like financial resilience in times of crisis, the impact of technology in Sub-Saharan Africa, the evolving landscape of education in the metaverse, and much more. With diverse insights from leading minds, this book exp...

New Prospects of Maize stands at the forefront of agricultural literature, offering an incisive look into the evolution and future pathways of maize cultivation. This volume distills cutting-edge research and progressive methodologies into a compelling narrative on enhancing maize¿s role in global food security and sustainability. It traverses critical topics such as genetic diversity, technological advancements in farming practices, and the s...

Welcome to the world of Oxytocin and Social Function, an in-depth exploration of the powerful role of this neuropeptide in shaping our social behaviors and interactions. The book delves into the rich and complex relationship between oxytocin and our social functions. Featuring contributions from leading experts in the field, this book offers a comprehensive understanding of oxytocin¿s role in our social lives. It goes beyond the laboratory to ...

Modern railways are no longer the sole forte of civil and mechanical engineering. They now involve a broad range of multidisciplinary engineering domains from advanced computing, digital telecommunications, and networking to big data analytics and even artificial intelligence. Among the emerging technologies and innovations in railways, hyperloop transportation systems employing magnetic propulsion, hydrogen-powered trains, and autonomous inte...

Vitamin B is a water-soluble vitamin that plays important roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells. Many foods contain B vitamins, including meat, poultry, and fish, among others. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin with antioxidant properties that can be found in vegetable oils, cereals, meat, poultry, eggs, and fruits. Both vitamins B and E are important for human health. This book provides a comprehensive overview of vitamin...

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is a sacred tree and noble resource from South America. The Mayans and other early civilizations in Central America used cacao beans as tokens, which were subsequently transported to Europe to nurture monarchies and elites. Based on the discovery of cacaös commercial potential and attributes, new cocoa plantations were established in other parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean. Thus, cocoa has...

Salmonella is a Gram-negative bacterium and a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family that causes infections in humans and animals, making it one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Since its discovery in the late 1800s, significant progress has been made in the understanding of its genetics, classification, pathogenesis, detection, prevention, control, and treatment. Numerous reviews and chapters on Salmonella ha...

This book includes six chapters covering new vortex theories, vortex identification methods, and vortex simulation and applications. Vortices are ubiquitous in the universe and include tornados, hurricanes, airplane tip vortices, polar vortices, and even star vortices in the galaxy. Vortices are also building blocks, muscles, and sinews of turbulent flows. This book is useful for researchers in hydrodynamics, aerodynamics, thermodynamics, ocea...

This book is a unique collaboration of international healthcare providers discussing and addressing contemporary issues in postnatal care. Its discussion spans low-, middle-, and high-income countries. It addresses barriers and challenges to providing optimal postnatal care, suggesting interventions, support strategies, and recommendations. These include empowering women economically and socially, providing education, training healthcare profe...