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This book presents a comprehensive toolkit of versatile techniques for studying microglia under different experimental settings along with a brief summary of knowledge, accumulated in microglial research over the last decades. Beginning with recently discovered roles of microglia in health and disease, the volume continues by covering in vitro analyses of microglia, in vivo studies, and "omics" analyses. Written for the highly successful Metho...

This detailed volume focuses on recent technological, computational, and biostatistical advances in the field of high-throughput metabolomics. Chapters encompass methods, platforms, and analytical strategies for steady state measurements and metabolic flux analysis with stable isotope-labeled tracers, in biological matrices of clinical relevance and model organisms. Mass spectrometry-based or orthogonal methods are discussed, along with comput...

This volume discusses the requirements, advantages, and limitations of studying cell culture. The chapters in this book cover topics such as in vitro blood-brain barrier functional assays in human iPSC-based models, neuron-glia interactions examines with in vitro co-culture, epigenetic changes in cultures neurons and astrocytes, rat brain slices, brain punching technique, and using microRNA for in vitro neurotoxicity testing and related disord...

This detailed book provides a wide range of techniques, from those that have been used extensively since the very first investigations into neural crest cells to those that are currently cutting-edge, in order to explore the development of neural crest cells in human, mice, rat, chick, quail, medaka, and shark. With a bit of imagination and adjustment, many of these methodologies can be adaptable to any species desirable for study. Written for...

New insights into modern medicine and systems biology are enabled by innovative protocols and advanced technologies in mass spectrometry-based proteomics. This volume details new pipelines, workflows, and ways to process data that allow for new frontiers in proteomics to be pushed forward. With applications to biomarker discovery, interactions between proteins, between biological systems, dynamics of post-translational modifications among othe...

This detailed book explores strategies that have been developed to combat plant virus infection. Beginning with a section on techniques for identifying and studying the virus resistance gene involved in plant innate immunity, the volume continues by delving into techniques related to novel mechanisms of plant virus resistance, methods for the analysis and practical use of RNA silencing, as well as methods for the development of plant viral vac...

This detailed book provides practical information for the laboratory that can be applied to the study of vaccinia and other poxviruses while emphasizing long-standing field standards and focusing on emerging new technologies applied in the field of poxvirology. The methods and protocols have been designed with the bench scientist in mind, being presented in a fashion that makes them useful for both starting and veteran poxvirus researchers. Wr...

This book provides detailed state-of-the-art protocols for analyzing individual aspects of stem cell mobilization at the molecular and cellular level with contributions encompassing the most recent technological developments. Specifically, the volume covers cell adhesion and migration assays in three-dimensional models, imaging techniques for the determination of blood flow or hypoxic status, innovative biomechanical studies of stem cells, and...

This book addresses cutting-edge techniques for researching transposon mutagenesis, an approach for identifying individual gene contributions to the phenotypic characteristics of a particular microorganism. The volume begins with methods for specific microorganisms and include protocols for individual microorganisms ranging from pathogens such as Salmonella to Bifidobacterium, a microorganism considered beneficial to humans and animals. The fi...

This detailed book presents methods that enable the determination of parameters relevant to phloem research in the most efficient ways, putting plant scientists with access to adequate instrumentation in the position to answer any phloem-related question. The collection explores techniques that have been used for decades, such as tracing phloem transport with carbon isotopes, as well as recent developments, such as esculin-based assays of phlo...

This book provides methods and clear protocols for the various technologies available to detect, characterize, and study Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), a member of the genus Closterovirus, family Closteroviridae. Thanks to the highly sensitive and specific diagnostic procedures developed, knowledge of the molecular characteristics, expression strategies, genetic variability, and epidemiology of the virus has improved significantly, as this volum...

This volume discusses different enzyme-catalyzed ligation methodologies for a variety of different chemical transformations. This book wants readers to view enzymes as a powerful tool in both academic and industrial research. Chapters in this book cover topics such as sortase A-mediated generation of site-specifically conjugated antibody-drug conjugates, omniligase-catalyzed inter- and intramolecular ligation, ligation catalyzed by microbial t...

This book provides detailed protocols and untold tips and tricks regarding the most well-known examples of proximity labeling methods, in which the protein of interest is genetically fused to or labeled with an enzyme that can generate short-lived reactive species to non-specifically label molecules within a certain radius of up to twenty nanometers. Beginning with peroxidase-based proximity labeling methods, the volume continues with BioID, p...

This volume explores techniques used to detect lipids attached to proteins, to analyze the function of lipid modifications, and to characterize the enzymes that add and remove lipids from proteins. The book is organized into seven parts: Part One describes chemically-based strategies to identify substrates for protein lipidation that can be applied to individual proteins or globally using proteomics. Part Two focuses on the enzymes that remove...

This book explores techniques for exploring hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and its effects on the vascular system through numerous experimental animal models and vascular preparations. Alterations of vascular H2S generation/signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of systemic and pulmonary arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, preeclampsia, and erectile dysfunction, and H2S also serves as an attractive target for pharmac...

This volume addresses challenging new questions surrounding stem cell-based chimera research. This book is organized into three parts: Part One provides readers with a summary of different human donor cell types. The chapters in this section discuss ways to evaluate new types of pluripotent stem cells, the derivation of naïve and primed pluripotent stem cells from mouse preimplantation embryos, and the ethical and regulatory complexities of in...

This volume details protocols on formulation, surface modification, characterization, and application of a variety of pharmaceutical nanocarriers such as micelles, nanoparticles, dendrimers, carbon dots, polymersomes, and others. Chapters are targeted toward investigators working in academic and industrial laboratories conducting research in the broad field of pharmaceutical sciences, with an emphasis on drug delivery. Written in the highly su...

This updated collection addresses the intense efforts that have been underway to characterize the cellular-molecular-biochemical elements of not only the hematopoietic stem cell niche but the niches for other stem cells. These specialized microenvironments that regulate stem cell function have continued to inspire tremendous interest as a subject of study in the years since the publication of the first edition. Written for the highly successfu...

The volume brings together some of the best experts in the field of modern metabolomics to discuss various techniques used today to study specific metabolite classes, and metabolomics in bacterial systems and mammalian systems. The chapters in this book cover topics such as Isotopic Ratio Outlier Analysis (IROA) for quantitative analysis, cholesterol and derivatives in ocular tissues using LC-MS/MS methods, microbial siderophores analysis by m...

The volume presents a variety of protocols that will be useful to researchers working in the field of disease modeling, drug discovery, and the cell biology of various tissues. Chapters in this book cover topics such as requirements and preconditions for using human induced pluripotent cell lines in assay development, the culture of iPSCs and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes by bioreactor technologies, distinctions between hepatocytes, vascular end...