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The past decade has witnessed major advances in our understanding of the chemical composition, structure, and reactivity of the complex organic-rich fossil matter known as "coal. " Nevertheless, important scientific questions concerning molecular weight distributions, degree of crosslinking, typical duster sizes, type of interconnecting bridges, the possible role of a "mobile phase, " and the nature of organic sulfur forms remain topics of hea...

Designing is one of the most significant of human acts. Surprisingly, given that designing has been occurring for many millenia, our understanding of the processes of designing is remarkably limited. Recently, design methods have been formalised not as humano-centred processes but as processes capable of computer implementation with the goal of augmenting human designers. This volume contains contributions which cover design methods based on e...

The Physical Electronics Department of SRI International (formerly Stanford Research Institute) has been pioneering the development of devices fabricated to submicron tolerances for well over 20 years. In 1961, a landmark paper on electron-beam lithography and its associated technologies was published by K. R. Shoulderst (then at SRI), which set the stage for our subsequent efforts in this field. He had the foresight to believe that the buildi...

System Modelling and Optimization covers research issues within systems theory, optimization, modelling, and computing. It includes contributions to structural mechanics, integer programming, nonlinear programming, interior point methods, dynamical systems, stability analysis, stochastic optimization, bilevel optimization, and semidefinite programming. Several survey papers written by leading experts in their fields complement new developments...

This timely resource guides novices and experts through the jungle of infrared (IR) technology and applications available today. It explains contempoary technologies with enough detail for engineers or scientists, and with appropriate clarity and conciseness for managers.

Starch hydrolysis products are arguably the most versatile of all food sugar ingredients because they can be designed to meet many different nutritional and technological requirements. This book covers all aspects of starch production, from its hydrolysis to the analysis of the finished product. In addition, the most important derivatives of starch hydrolysis products are described and their applications in the food and, increasingly pharmaceu...

This fourth volume in the series opens some new arenas in the realm of molten salts technology, with research reports on amides, amide mixtures, and their electrochemical properties, chromatography in liquid organic salts, thermal conductivity, magnetic, calorimetric, and ultra-high-pressure measure

The development of mechanistic organic chemistry is filled with claims of short-lived reactive intermediates connecting starting material to product. In many ways this book represents a personal odyssey of the editor in this area of chemistry. I well remember my introduction to organic chemistry as an undergraduate working in the laboratories of Shelton Bank at SUNY Albany in the early 1970s, and the excitement and frustration attending the pi...

In 1979, I edited Volume 18 in this series: Solution Methods for Integral Equations: Theory and Applications. Since that time, there has been an explosive growth in all aspects of the numerical solution of integral equations. By my estimate over 2000 papers on this subject have been published in the last decade, and more than 60 books on theory and applications have appeared. In particular, as can be seen in many of the chapters in this book, ...

During the past few decades, much research has been reported on the formation of insoluble monomolecular films of lipids and biopolymers (synthetic polymers and proteins) on the surface of water or at the oil-water interface. This interest arises from the fact that monomolecular film studies have been found to provide much useful information on a molecular scale, information that is useful for understanding many industrial and biological pheno...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) which include free radicals, peroxides, singlet oxygen, ozone, and nitrogen monoxide and dioxide free radicals, is an area of intense research. This volume covers (1) the destruction of cellular function by ROS resulting in pathological states, (2) the protection by ROS of an organism against invading organisms that cause infections, and (3) the role of ROS in normal physiological processes. Designed for beginning...

Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy is widely used as a research tool in bioch- istry and biophysics. These uses of fluorescence have resulted in extensive knowledge of the structure and dynamics of biological macromolecules. This information has been gained by studies of phenomena that affect the excited state, such as the local environment, quenching processes, and energy transfer. Topics in Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Volume 4: Probe Des...

th The paperspresented in this book wereoriginally presented att he 10 Virginia Tech/MPRG Symposium on Wireless Personal Communications, whichw as held ont heVirginia Tech campus June 14 16, 2000. Thisyear's Symposium was sponsored byVirginia Tech's M obile and Portable Radio Research Group (MPRG), the Virginia Tech D ivision ofC ontin uing Education, andthe MPRG Industrial Affiliates Program. TheIE EE Virginia Mountain Section and the Virgini...

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One of the most important practical problems in child psychology and psychia­ try is the differential diagnosis of emotional disorders. Until recently, the gener­ al mode of assessment had been to apply to children the characteristics of psychopathology that were evident in adults. In addition, there had been few assessment tools available for use with children aside from modified versions of adult instruments. Understandably, this approach wa...

The function of a filter is to transform a signal into another one more suit­ able for a given purpose. As such, filters find applications in telecommunica­ tions, radar, sonar, remote sensing, geophysical signal processing, image pro­ cessing, and computer vision. Numerous authors have considered deterministic and statistical approaches for the study of passive, active, digital, multidimen­ sional, and adaptive filters. Most of the filters co...

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Marine Invertebrate Evolution in the Galapagos Islands MATTHEW J. JAMES 1. Perspective of This Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. Directions for Future Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3. Plan of This Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

Given the very limited capacity of regeneration in the brain, protecting neurons that are on the brink of death is a major challenge for basic and clinical neuroscience, with implications for a broad spectrum of acute and chronic neurological and psychiatric diseases. This book brings together leading experts from neurobiology, neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, neuroimmunology and clinical neuroscience to highlight the most recent milestones...

Physical Design for Multichip Modules collects together a large body of important research work that has been conducted in recent years in the area of Multichip Module (MCM) design. The material consists of a survey of published results as well as original work by the authors. All major aspects of MCM physical design are discussed, including interconnect analysis and modeling, system partitioning and placement, and multilayer routing. For read...