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Richard Austin Freeman (1862-1943) was a British writer of detective stories, mostly featuring the medicolegal forensic investigator Dr Thorndyke. He invented the inverted detective story and used some of his early experiences as a colonial surgeon in his novels. A large proportion of the Dr Thorndyke stories involve genuine, but often quite arcane, points of scientific knowledge, from areas such as tropical medicine, metallurgy and toxicology...

Bjørnstjerne Martinus Bjørnson (1832-1910) was a Norwegian writer and a 1903 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate. He is generally considered as one of "The Great Four" Norwegian writers. Bjørnson matriculated at the University of Oslo in 1852, soon embarking upon a career as a journalist, focusing on criticism of drama. In 1857 he published Synnøve Solbakken, the first of his peasant novels, this was followed by Arne (1858), the most important ...

Bjørnstjerne Martinus Bjørnson (1832-1910) was a Norwegian writer and a 1903 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate. He is generally considered as one of "The Great Four" Norwegian writers. Bjørnson matriculated at the University of Oslo in 1852, soon embarking upon a career as a journalist, focusing on criticism of drama. In 1857 he published Synnøve Solbakken, the first of his peasant novels, this was followed by Arne (1858), the most important ...

Catherine Helen Spence (1825-1910) was an Australian author, teacher, journalist, politician and leading suffragette. In 1897 she became Australia's first female political candidate after standing (unsuccessfully) for the Federal Convention held in Adelaide. Known as the "Greatest Australian Woman" and given the epitaph "Grand Old Woman of Australasia", Spence is commemorated on the Australian 5 dollar note issued for the Centenary of Federati...

Charles King (1844-1933) was a United States soldier and a distinguished writer. He served in the Army during the Indian Wars under George Crook. In 1898, he was appointed brigadier general of volunteers and sailed to the Philippines during the Spanish-American War. The fighting with Spain was over by the time he arrived, but he assisted in the surrender negotiations. During the following Philippine-American War, King was placed in command of ...

Henry Lawson (1867-1922) was an Australian writer and poet. He is among the best-known Australian poets and fiction writers of the colonial period. Lawson was born in a town on the Grenfell goldfields of New South Wales. He attended school at Eurunderee from 1876 but suffered an ear infection at around this time that left him with partial deafness and by the age of fourteen he had lost his hearing entirely. He later attended a Catholic school ...

Susan Glaspell (1876-1948) was a bestselling American novelist and a Pulitzer prize winning playwright. She was a founding member of the Provincetown Players, one of the most important collaboratives in the development of modern drama in the United States. She also served in the Works Progress Administration as Midwest Bureau Director of the Federal Theater Project. Her novels and plays are committed to developing deep, sympathetic characters,...

Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard (1803-1847) was a French caricaturist, generally known by the pseudonym of J. J. Grandville. At the age of twenty-one he moved to Paris, where he published a collection of lithographs entitled Les Tribulations de la Petite Proprieté. He followed this with Les Plaisirs de Toutdge and La Sibylle des Salons, but the work which first established his fame was Les Métamorphoses du Jour (1828-29), a series of seventy scenes...

Richard Doddridge Blackmore (1825-1900), referred to most commonly as R. D. Blackmore, was one of the most famous English novelists of his generation. Over the course of his career, Blackmore achieved a close following around the world. He won literary merit and acclaim for his vivid descriptions and personification of the countryside, sharing with Thomas Hardy a Western England background and a strong sense of regional setting in his works. N...

Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) was a German philosopher best known for his work The World as Will and Representation. He responded to and expanded upon Immanuel Kant's philosophy concerning the way in which we experience the world. His critique of Kant, his creative solutions to the problems of human experience and his explication of the limits of human knowledge are among his most important achievements. His metaphysical theory is the founda...

Catherine Helen Spence (1825-1910) was an Australian author, teacher, journalist, politician and leading suffragette. In 1897 she became Australia's first female political candidate after standing (unsuccessfully) for the Federal Convention held in Adelaide. Known as the "Greatest Australian Woman" and given the epitaph "Grand Old Woman of Australasia", Spence is commemorated on the Australian 5 dollar note issued for the Centenary of Federati...

Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard, Count Maeterlinck (1862-1949) was a Belgian poet, playwright, and essayist writing in French. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1911. The main themes in his work are death and the meaning of life. He had written poems and short novels during his studies. In 1889, he became famous overnight after his first play, La Princesse Maleine, had received enthusiastic praise from Octave Mirbeau, the literary...

Ambrose Gwinnett Bierce (1842-1914) was an American editorialist, journalist, short-story writer and satirist, today best known for his The Devil's Dictionary (1911). He wrote some of his books under the pseudonyms Dod Grile and J. Milton Sloluck. Bierce's lucid, unsentimental style has kept him popular when many of his contemporaries have been consigned to oblivion. His dark, sardonic views and vehemence as a critic earned him the nickname, "...

Ambrose Gwinnett Bierce (1842-1914) was an American editorialist, journalist, short-story writer and satirist, today best known for his The Devil's Dictionary (1911). He wrote some of his books under the pseudonyms Dod Grile and J. Milton Sloluck. Bierce's lucid, unsentimental style has kept him popular when many of his contemporaries have been consigned to oblivion. His dark, sardonic views and vehemence as a critic earned him the nickname, "...

Mary Jane Holmes, nee Hawes (1825-1907) was an American author who wrote many popular novels. Holmes was born in Brookfield, Massachusetts. At age 13 she taught in a school. She married Daniel Holmes and they settled in Versailles, Kentucky. In 1854 she wrote her first novel, Tempest and Sunshine. The theme for most of her novels was domestic life. Other works include: The English Orphans, or, A Home in the New World (1855), 'Lena Rivers (1856...

Mary Jane Holmes, nee Hawes (1825-1907) was an American author who wrote many popular novels. Holmes was born in Brookfield, Massachusetts. At age 13 she taught in a school. She married Daniel Holmes and they settled in Versailles, Kentucky. In 1854 she wrote her first novel, Tempest and Sunshine. The theme for most of her novels was domestic life. Other works include: The English Orphans, or, A Home in the New World (1855), 'Lena Rivers (1856...

Isabel Coston Byrum (1870-1938) was an American author. Amongst her most famous works are: Bedtime Stories from the Old Testament (1911), The Value of a Praying Mother (1911), The Poorhouse Waif and His Divine Teacher (1919), How John Became a Man: Life Story of a Motherless Boy (1917) and Tread of Years (1938). "Out on the prairie in one of the western states where buffaloes and wild horses once had roamed at their pleasure and where cacti an...

Isabel Coston Byrum (1870-1938) was an American author. Amongst her most famous works are: Bedtime Stories from the Old Testament (1911), The Value of a Praying Mother (1911), The Poorhouse Waif and His Divine Teacher (1919), How John Became a Man: Life Story of a Motherless Boy (1917) and Tread of Years (1938). "Out on the prairie in one of the western states where buffaloes and wild horses once had roamed at their pleasure and where cacti an...

Hugo Münsterberg (1863-1916) was a German-American psychologist. He was one of the pioneers in applied psychology, extending his research and theories to Industrial / Organizational (I/O), legal, medical, clinical, educational and business settings. He encountered immense turmoil with the outbreak of the First World War. Torn between his loyalty to America and his homeland, he often defended Germany's actions, attracting criticism. He believed...

Yei Theodora Ozaki was an early 20th century translator of Japanese short stories and fairy tales. Her translations were fairly liberal but have been popular, and were reprinted several times after her death. She was the daughter of Baron Ozaki, one of the first Japanese men to study in the West, and Bathia Catherine Morrison, daughter of William Morrison, one of their teachers. Her parents separated after five years of marriage, and her mothe...