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America has been in space for over 40 years, yet there seems to be little common understanding of how to integrate space into all aspects of military operations. A common vision for the military application of space forces is vital for America in a period of growing space reliance and decreasing space budgets. Our fielded forces rely on space for a variety of essential missions including communications, intelligence, weather, navigation and mi...

Gen John P. McConnell progressed through many eras of Air Force history toemerge as the sixth Chief of Staff commanding the Air Force during the frigid years ofthe Cold War and the sweltering torpidity of the Vietnam War. An intellectual in his ownright and leader throughout beginning as the First Captain of Cadets at West Point in1932, his career was dominated and defined by flying. He began as a pursuit pilot as ayoung officer and then flew ...

This study examines adaptations made by State, on adherence to directives requiring coordination with other USG departments and agencies, to effectively respond to current and future national security threats. Without the staff, tools, and training necessary to perform the required tasks, State is unable to fulfill wholly its role, as stipulated in Presidential Directives. Considering the global landscape, there is no way State can successfull...

Beginning in the Korea War, through Vietnam and continuing with the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, US forces have been involved in combat typified by close, sharp actions - often without the doctrinally prescribed firepower to support the maneuver forces. US Operations in the rugged mountains of Afghanistan, in particular, dramatically demonstrate how an adept enemy, the Taliban, place themselves in very "close proximity" to friendly force...

Since the end of the Cold War, the US has employed its armed forces into a host of contingency operations in countries, such as Somalia, Haiti, and Bosnia. More recently, the US has undertaken operations in Afghanistan and Iraq as part of the larger Global War on Terrorism. Throughout each operation, the military was not the lone instrument of national power employed into the region. As such, these operations have proved particularly complex a...

This paper examines the effects of peace operations on the warfighting capability of U.S. Army combat forces. It focuses upon operations in the Sinai, Somalia, Haiti, Macedonia, and Bosnia, and relies upon survey data, unit status reports, interviews, historical accounts, after action reports, and other sources. If properly exploited, peace operations can provide valuable preparation for future wars. Such operations exercise a broad set of cap...

The objective of the research was to determine what, if any, relationship existed between the United States' nuclear weapons employment policy and its arms control policy from the 1950s to the present. Specifically, we sought to determine if one policy was a causal factor for the other, or if the policies evolved in a cooperative manner. The research involved building a comparative chronology of the development and implementation of the two po...

The debate over the service of black Americans in the U.S. Army centered around three questions: Could they serve? Would they be allowed to serve? And, if allowed, in what capacity would they serve? This is similar to modern debates about the service of women and homosexuals in the military. The valuable service of black Americans during the Civil War, coupled with Radical Republican policies ended this debate in 1866 with the formation of six...

This thesis examines the application of battle command during the 100/442d Regimental Combat Team's rescue of the First Battalion, 141st Infantry Regiment, 36th Infantry Division, the "Lost Battalion." As background, this study presents a brief history of the Japanese in Hawaii and the United States, of the formation and record of the 100/442d RCT, and of the battle to rescue the Lost Battalion. The contemporary concept of battle command is de...

The push to secure organizational information has brought about the need to develop better metrics for understanding the state of the organization's security capability. This thesis utilizes case studies of information security metrics programs within Department of Defense organizations, the United States Air Force (USAF), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Jet Propulsion Lab to discover how these organizations ma...

This thesis focuses on the capabilities of an emerging technology known as Peer-To- Peer (P2P) technology and its potential to improve intelligence support to operational and tactical warfighters. First popularized by a popular music-sharing program called Napster in May 1999, P2P technology enabled the sharing of millions of music files over the Internet between anyone who wanted to share. Some advocates believe that P2P technology will fuel ...

The current DoD organization has served our nation well. It is the most capable military the world has ever known. However, it is based on a Cold War mindset that does not efficiently respond to the rapid changes in today's global environment. There are several defects: the organization bureaucracy has become inefficient, service parochialism has become an Achilles' heel, and the structure is ill equipped to respond to joint, interagency, and ...

The end of the Cold War and the changing world strategic environment has brought about a dramatic shift in the emphasis of forces throughout the military. In the past decade, the U.S. has continually been sending ad hoc deployments of forces in reaction to Iraqi actions. Several times the Air Force has deployed forces to augment a Carrier Battle Group (CVBG) already in theater or to fill a gap left behind when a CVBG could not remain on statio...

The United States has a complex, multi-agency structure to plan, synchronize, and execute foreign policy and national security. By statute, the State Department is the lead agency for foreign policy. However, in practice, the much larger and better-funded Department of Defense conducts much of America's foreign policy activity, often with little coordination with the State Department or other relevant agencies. Over the past two decades, the m...

Historically, managing fighter pilot requirements has been a continual challenge for the Air Force Personnel Center. In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles have become a highly sought after commodity, and the number of UAV billets have increased, with more increases expected in the near future. Currently 45% of UAV squadrons are manned by combat aircrew. Fighter pilots fills the majority of these slots. This dramatic increase in UAV require...

A system of biblical theology known as dispensationalism is premised on the continuing validity of Jehovah's promise to Abraham of the land of Palestine to his physical descendants, the Jews. This paper demonstrates to what extent this theological system informs the thinking of very significant figures on the American cultural and political scene, potentially subordinating legitimate US strategic interests to a dogmatic worldview based on a fl...

This study considers the efficacy of economic coercion as a means of securing national interests. It begins by defining coercion as one state using positive or negative efforts to cause another state to alter perceptions of its own interests. These efforts can take the form of deterrence, compellence, or a combination of the two. Using a framework of capability, credibility, communication, and choice, this study considers how different culture...

Our military future will likely be radically different from our past. Consequently, military personnel can prepare for this future by investigating ways to adapt to novel challenges posed by new weapons, or new theories, or new organizations. This paper explores the problem of how joint task force staffs should reorganize to improve future command and control, in order to meet demands of the most likely future environment. The research methodo...

The infrared (IR)signature ofa jet aircraft engine in altitude operation is a key component for the design of effective IR countermeasures and low-emission engines. Predicting the signature with radiometric models is widely accomplished, but measurements in situ are crucial for model verification. The altitude test cell provides a venue for measuring the IR signature in a simulated altitude environment, but the facility is designed for testing...

Aircrews had dealt with threats --fighters and anti- aircraft artillery (AAA) --since the beginnings of the use of aircraft in combat, but the introduction of the Soviet-built SA-2 surface-to-air missile (SAM) in the Vietnam War ushered a new and deadly threat into air war over Vietnam. Although it was not an unexpected threat, having earlier shot down two American U-2 reconnaissance aircraft, the US Air Force's tactical forces were largely un...