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In this monograph, Dr. Mark R. Shulman offers a novel thesis to explain the value of an important new security initiative with considerable implications for the future use of force in operations other than war. While this initiative is still in its formative stages, it may eventually change the use of force paradigm in which military leaders and political decisionmakers operate. And despite its promise, no one has yet attempted a comprehensive...

Soon after the attacks of September 11, 2001, Russian President Vladimir Putin pledged Russian support to the U.S. campaign against terrorism. Putin's actions triggered a process that also led to a Russo-North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) rapprochement and Russian membership in a newly formed NATORussia Council created by the Treaty of Rome in 2002. However, since then this partnership has been a rocky and ambivalent one. And as East-We...

Ukaraine is located at a pivotal crossroads in Europe between east and west and has the potential to play an important role in combatting terrorism in two ways. First, by consolidating democracy and democratic control over its armed forces, Ukraine can be a stabilizing force in Eurasia. Second, the country can contribute toward the defeat of terrorism by developing niche capabilities, particularly in its peacekeeping forces. Dr. Deborah Sander...

With the end of the Cold War, a popular parlor game in foreign ministries, think tanks, and academia has been to develop a theory of international relations that best explains the new international order. Although there is widespread agreement that the United States is the world's most powerful country in military, economic, and diplomatic terms, and is likely to remain so for the foreseeable future, there is little agreement as to how the res...

Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) was the most widely used, and abused, acronym in the U.S. defense community in the 1990s. Subsequently, transformation has superceded it as the preferred term of art. For the better part of 2 decades, American defense professionals have been excited by the prospect of effecting a revolutionary change in the conduct and character of warfare. In this monograph, Dr. Colin S. Gray provides a critical audit of t...

The 2002 National Security Strategy suggested preventive attacks, diplomacy, deterrence, and other policies as means of curtailing threats presented by the spread of nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) weapons to terrorists and rogue states. Dr. Dan Reiter, the author of this External Research Associates Paper, analyzes which mix of these policies might best and most cost-effectively address the NBC threat, with special focus on preventive...

After the 9/11 attacks on the United States, homeland defense became the primary issue in U.S. defense policy. At the same time, it was clear that homeland defense would have to become a trilateral continental issue, and, thus, would have to include Canada and Mexico. Because the United States and Canada already had developed a relatively close relationship during and after World War II as a result of their common interests and efforts in NATO...

Long discounted by arms control critics, traditional nonproliferation efforts now are undergoing urgent review and reconsideration even by their supporters. Why? In large part, because the current crop of nonproliferation understandings are ill-suited to check the spread of emerging long-range missile, biological, and nuclear technologies. Attempts to develop a legally binding inspections protocol to the Biological Weapons Convention, for exam...

China's rising maritime power is encountering American maritime power along the sea lines of communication (SLOCs) that connect China to vital energy resources in the Middle East and Africa. The "String of Pearls" describes the manifestation of China's rising geopolitical influence through efforts to increase access to ports and airfields, develop special diplomatic relationships, and modernize military forces that extend from the South China ...

The word "strategy" pervades American conversation and our news media. We tend to use strategy as a general term for a plan, a concept, a course of action, or a "vision" of the direction in which to proceed at the personal, organizational, and governmental-local, state, or federal-levels. Such casual use of the term to describe nothing more than "what we would like to do next" is inappropriate and belies the complexity of true strategy and str...

Throughout literature, we have learned from the ways that others have used systems and processes to respond to challenges. This Letort Paper by Dr. Richard Meinhart builds upon his doctoral dissertation, Strategic Planning Through An Organizational Lens, that examined what higher education leaders could learn from the Chairmen Joint Chiefs of Staff's strategic planning in the 1990s and updates that examination through 2005 to reflect Chairman ...

In March 2006, President George W. Bush signed a new National Security Strategy that he refers to as a "wartime national security strategy." He also states in the introduction that to follow the path the United States has chosen, we must "maintain and expand our national strength." One way to do this is to study and propose solutions to the complex challenges the United States faces in the 21st century. At the U.S. Army War College, the studen...

This is the eighth volume on the People's Liberation Army (PLA) to be published by the Strategic Studies Institute. It is the product of a conference held at Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania, from September 23-25, 2005, to examine the PLA and the global security environment in which it operates. This gathering was the 18th in a series of annual conferences on China's PLA. I have been privileged to be involved with and/or attend most of these ga...

This monograph is another in the series of studies on aspects of Russian defense and foreign policy being published by the Strategic Studies Institute (SSI). These monographs derive from a conference that was jointly sponsored by the Strategic Studies Institute, the Ellison Center for Russian, East European, and Central Asian Studies at the Jackson School of International Studies at the University of Washington, the Pacific Northwest National ...

This monograph is another in the series of papers from the conference entitled "The U.S. and Russia: Regional Security Issues and Interests, " conducted sponsored jointly by the Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) of the U.S. Army War College, the Ellison Center for Russian, East European, and Central Asian Studies at the Jackson School of International Studies at the University of Washington, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's Pacific ...

The United States has a core national interest in maintaining peace and stability in the Middle East as well as containing or eliminating threats emanating from that region. Yet, if most American strategic analysts can agree on this assumption and these goals, there is often disagreement on the ways to best achieve them. In this monograph, Dr. W. Andrew Terrill presents his analysis of how the United States and other Western states might best ...

Despite common opinion, doctrine never stands still. Concepts are redefined, added to, and subtracted from, over time. Often the changes result in improvements, but occasionally they do not. As Joint doctrine is currently undergoing some potentially major revisions, Lieutenant General (USMC, Ret.) Paul Van Riper, an experienced warfighter and accomplished forward-thinker, asks the doctrine community to take a step back from the process of chan...

Civil-military relations is one of the most challenging dimensions to deal with regarding North Korea. It is a topic that is difficult-if not impossible-to quantify with any real precision. Yet few subjects are more crucial to understanding that country. After all, since 1998, Pyongyang's foremost policy has been declared as "military-first." While experts debate the precise meaning and significance of this policy, considerable consensus exist...

The book provides a detailed and uniform treatment of the science and technology of light absorbing organic materials (used in nano-scale optical devices, LEDs, solar cells, flat screens, cell phones etc), which are increasingly investigated for use in mass market products.

This book presents a new perspective on the origins of language, and highlights the key role of social and cultural dynamics in driving language evolution. It considers, among other questions, the role of gesture in communication, mimesis, play, dance, and song in extant hunter-gatherer communities, and the time-frame for language evolution.