American Indian Rock Art, published continuously since 1975, is the country's premier series of volumes dedicated to research on rock art as presented at the Annual Conferences of the American Rock Art Research Association (ARARA). This volume contains 11 papers presented at the 2021 Virtual ARARA Conference, leading off with a study of important themes in the world famous Painted Cave in Missouri, followed by papers documenting war themes in Plains rock art, a sacred cave site in northern Mexico, bell rocks, fine line engravings, and the importance of macaws in Southwestern rock art, European rock engravings in Galicia, guidelines for public interpretation of rock drawings, the role of aesthetics in rock art, and the interpretation of visual narratives in rock art of Australia and the world.