The interest in biofuel production and application is governed by the depletion of fossil fuel resources and the threatening pollution of the atmosphere because of the extensive emissions of greenhouse gases, which the present global vegetation cannot cope with. A remedy against the greenhouse gas emissions is the use of biomass presently grown as a source for biofuels. Biofuels can be further utilized as substrates for bulk chemical products. This approach is known as the biorefinery concept as an analogue to the oil-based refineries.The present book offers some examples and new ideas for the broader applications of biofuels and the resulting raw materials for energy and chemical products as alternatives to the traditional fossil fuels.