Examines national practices and laws regarding government access to personal information held by private-sector companies~Contains updated reports on government surveillance and data collection in twelve major countries~Describes evolving international law and human rights principles applicable to government surveillance~Explores the principles and practical elements of transparency, accountability, and oversight~Contains recommendations for both governments and industry on how to balance privacy and national security/law enforcement needs~Includes chapters on the impact of encryption on the surveillance debate, and on reform of the international system for mutual legal assistance