This is a print on demand publication. Contents: (I) The Use & Meaning of Coppers in the Period Between 1860-1920, Coppers, Environmental Conditions, Cosmologies, Social Structure, Meanings Attributed to Copper, The Roles of Coppers in Each of the 5 Societies, Comparison of Coppers & Their Use & Meaning, (II) The Early Development of Coppers in Historical Context: Early Period 1741-1840, Copper Objects of the Native People Seen by Europeans, Sources of Native Copper, Amount & Type of Trade Copper Introduced, Type of European Copper Traded 1750-1840, The Later Period 1840-1920, Coppers 1840-1920, (III) The Native Copper Questions: Native Metal-Working Technology, Metallurgical & Metallographic Analysis, (IV) Formal Antecedents to Coppers: European Objects, Archaeological Artifacts, Ethnographic Artifacts, Conclusions, Bibliography. Illus.