The book examines misunderstandings on the part of Einstein and others that have persisted to the present day. Part I treats special relativity, proving the existence of the aether, in terms of which seeming paradoxes are explained in a cause and effect manner. Part II deals with Einstein's theory of gravity. It is shown that gravitational rest mass reduction is inherent in the theory, being the very embodiment of gravitational potential energy, causing not only the gravitational red shift, but also an elongation of all objects, including measuring rods, indicating that the accepted geometry of a black hole is incorrect. Regarding cosmology, momentum conservation demands that rest masses are increasing in proportion to the function that is presently thought to describe the expansion of the universe. Thus the cosmological red shift is a consequence of the reduced rest masses of the era of emission, not the expansion of space itself.