The pace of progress toward achievement of the Millenium Development Goals (MDG) in many sub-Saharan African countries remains too slow to reach targets by 2015. The MDG Africa Steering Group designated 10 countries for pilot studies to investigate how existing national development plans would be impacted by scaled up development aid to Africa. This joint publication of the IMF and the UN Development Programme reports conclusions drawn from these pilot studies and summarizes country-specific results.