The Ethnobotany is an important and valid discipline of science. First chapter of the book describes the concept, relevance, scope, objectives, role of Ethnobotany in the development of Ayurveda and provides up-to-date review of literature on ethnobotanical healthcare management practices in India and abroad. Second chapter provide information about vegetational composition, forest and flora of Terai region of Uttar Pradesh, the Tharu tribal community, and 16 photographs to help to understand the way of life, tradition and culture of the Tharus. Third chapter of the book provides complete information about 247 plant taxa and about 750 crude drug formulations used by the Tharu tribal community of Uttar Pradesh. The book also contains 48 photographs for the identification of important medicinal plants used as therapeutic agents by the Tharus and about 400 references throughout the globe. This book is an essential reference guide for students, researchers and scientists working in the field of Ethnobotany, Phytodiversity, Medicinal Plants, Traditional Healthcare management practices, Ayurveda, Herbal healthcare professionals and anyone interested in plants and plant based medicines.