Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 36. Chapters: Alfonso X of Castile, Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao, Rosalía de Castro, Camilo José Cela, Ricardo Carvalho Calero, Vicente Risco, Manuel Murguía, Marilar Aleixandre, Ramón del Valle-Inclán, José María Merino, Juan Rodríguez de la Cámara, Marta Rivera de la Cruz, Emilia Pardo Bazán, Eduardo Pondal, Ricardo Flores Peres, Otero Pedrayo, Concepción Arenal, Claudio Rodriguez Fer, Gonzalo Torrente Ballester, Ramón Chao, Manuel Curros Enríquez, Albino Núñez Domínguez, Miguel Ángel Villar Pinto, Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro, Chus Pato, Xosé Luís Méndez Ferrín, Ignacio Ramonet, Carmen Blanco, Martin Veiga, Manuel Rivas, Álvaro Cunqueiro, José María Posada, Xurxo Borrazás, Celso Emilio Ferreiro, Jacinto Rey, Yolanda Castaño, Agustín Fernández Mallo, Lorenzo Varela, Olga Novo, Wenceslao Fernández Flórez, Xaquín Lorenzo Fernández, Luís Seoane, María Mariño, Xesús Ferro Ruibal, Xela Arias, Martín Sarmiento, Úrsula Heinze, Eladio Rodríguez, Antón Vilar Ponte. Excerpt: Alfonso X (23 November 1221 - 4 April 1284) was a Castilian monarch who ruled as the King of Castile, León and Galicia from 1252 until his death. He also was elected King of the Germans in 1257. He established Castilian as a language of higher learning and earned his nicknames "the Wise" or "the Learned" (Spanish: , Galician: ) and "the Astrologer" (Spanish: , Galician: ) through his own prolific writings, including Galician poetry. Statue of Alfonso X in Madrid by José Alcoverro (1892).Born in Toledo, Spain, Alfonso was the eldest son of Ferdinand III of Castile and Elisabeth of Hohenstaufen, known in Spain as Beatriz de Suabia, through whom he was a cousin of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, to whom Alfonso is often compared. His maternal grandparents were Philip of Swabia and Irene Angelina. Not much is known about his upbringing, but he was most likely raised in Toledo. He began his career as a soldier, under the command of his father, when he was only sixteen years old. After the election of Theobald I as king of Navarre, his father tried to arrange a marriage for Ferdinand with Theobald's daughter, Blanche of Navarre, but the move was unsuccessful. So, in 1240, he married Maior Guillen de Guzman, but the marriage was later annulled and their issue declared illegitimate. In the same period (1240-1250) he conquered several Muslim strongholds in Al-Andalus alongside his father, such as Murcia, Alicante and Cadiz. In 1249, Alfonso X married Violante of Aragon, the daughter of King James I of Aragon and Yolande of Hungary, although betrothed already in 1246. At the same time he also had a romantic relationship with Sofia Mayor Guillén de Guzmán, who bore to him illegitimate daughter Beatrice. He succeeded his father as King of Castile and León in 1252. The following year he invaded Portugal, capturing the region of the Algarve. King Afonso III of Portugal had to surrender, but he gained an agreement by which, after he consented to marry Alfonso X's daughter Beatri