Joseph Thomas Cunningham (1859-1935) was a British marine biologist and zoologist known for his experiments on flatfish and his writings on neo-Lamarckism. Cunningham worked at the London Hospital Medical College. He completed his science scholarship at Balliol College, Oxford. Cunningham was a neo-Lamarckian. In his book Hormones and Heredity (1921) he proposed that the mechanism for the inheritance of acquired characteristics were hormones. He termed this "chemical Lamarckism".