This book offers an examination of Africäs scientific landscape based on extensive empirical data encompassing 54 African countries. It traces the evolution of science on the continent, highlighting research areas, global partnerships, funding sources, research capacity, and the impact of science policies. Acknowledging that Africa relies heavily on external sources, particularly from the Global North, for scientific research, the book identifies and addresses obstacles hindering self-reliance and underscores the urgent need for revitalized partnerships and cooperation to bolster Africa's scientific autonomy. It offers valuable recommendations to promote self-reliance, making it an indispensable resource for scholars,  policymakers, and practitioners.R. Sooryamoorthy is Professor of Sociology at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, and is a Research Fellow at the DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in STI Policy, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.