FOREWORD: LGen the Hon. Roméo A. Dallaire, (Ret'd), Senator Former Force Commander United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda - What the MARO Project proposes, and indeed explores in considerable detail, is nothing short of a fundamental shift in thinking from the "whether" to the "how" of intervention. Mass atrocities are operationally unique, this important recognition has paved the path for MARO's adoption into relevant military doctrine and its subsequent-and no less consequential- consideration at the top levels of policy-making. The Workshop convened in December 2010 was an essential step in addressing, among others, what Sarah Sewall called the "Inchoate Middle Ground" between mass atrocity prevention and response, a challenge being tackled presently at different levels and bureaus of the U.S. Government. While much progress has been made in addressing how to shore up this disconnect, much work remains.