Sherlock Holmes is a fictional character of the late 19th and early 20th century, who first appeared in publication in 1887. He was devised by Scottish author and physician, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. A brilliant London-based detective, Holmes is famous for his intellectual prowess and renowned for his extra-keen powers of observation, his astute logical reasoning and forensic science skills in solving perplexing crimes and mysteries. He is perhaps the most famous fictional detective and indeed one of the best known and most universally recognizable literary characters. The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes is a collection of Sherlock Holmes mysteries, including The Final Problem in which Holmes confronts his arch-nemesis Professor Moriarty. It was originally published in 1894 and was preceded by The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and followed by The Hound of the Baskervilles.