Metacognition is one of the most important area of study in educational psychology. Its application in every aspects of teaching and learning process has increased its importance. The contents have been presented logically and with a balanced approach. The book consists of five chapters which illustrates the Cognition, Metacognition, Historical Development of Metacognitive Theories, Sources of Metacognitive Theories, Metacognition and Three Types of Knowledge, Metacognition and Study Strategies, Metacognitive Strategies, Cognitive Vs Metacognitive strategies, Metacognitive Learning Strategies, The Value of Increasing Student Metacognition and Achievement in Biological Sciences. Appendices were attached at the end which provides an overlook to Metacognitive Inventory for Biological Science Teachers and Students, Achievement Test in Biology, Reliability Analysis of Metacognitive Inventory for Biological Science Teachers and Students (Alpha). Preparation of this book is undertaken to meet the acute need of the teacher education B.Ed., M.Ed., M.Phil. and Ph.D. students of education of Indian universities as well as the betterment of secondary school education.