This issue of Critical Care Clinics, Guest Edited by Dr. Rinaldo Bellomo, focuses on Modern Critical Care Endocrinology. Article topics include: Diabetes insipidus and SIADH in the ICU, Estrogen therapy in ICU patients, The angiotensin family, ACE and ACE 2, Angiotensin II in vasodilatory shock,  Vasopressin in vasodilatory shock,  Hydrocortisone in vasodilatory shock,  Erythropoietin in trauma and critical illness,  HbA1c and permissive hyperglycemia in diabetic ICU patients,  Osteoporosis and the critically ill patient,  New oral agents for the treatment of diabetes,  Melatonin in critical care,  The incretins in ICU patients,  Hepcidin, Thyroid hormone therapy in the ICU,  and Hormonal therapy in organ donors.