Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 140. Chapters: Tannin, Acetic acid bacteria, Tartaric acid, Fruit press, Dessert wine, Christianity and alcohol, Alcohol in the Bible, Glossary of winemaking terms, Glossary of wine terms, Phenolic compounds in wine, Anthocyanin, Ripeness in viticulture, Wine fault, Clarification and stabilization of wine, Oak, Acids in wine, Fermentation, Brix, Sparkling wine production, Straw wine, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Chaptalization, Annual growth cycle of grapevines, Sweetness of wine, Wine cave, Cork taint, Christopher Merret, Brettanomyces, Ann C. Noble, Must, Botrytis cinerea, Ullage, Pomace, Harvest, Malic acid, Carbonic maceration, Tasting room, Autolysis, Finings, Solera, Isinglass, Wine color, Sugars in wine, Cider mill, Vendange tardive, Coulure, Sélection de Grains Nobles, Stuck fermentation, Lees, Premature oxidation, Noble rot, Spinning cone, Dimethyl dicarbonate, Defrutum, Secondary fermentation, Oechsle scale, Flor, Wine press, Orange wine, Acetobacter, 4-Ethylphenol, Malolactic fermentation, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Anthocyanidin, Brettanomyces bruxellensis, Campden tablets, Winemaker, Microoxygenation, Co-fermentation, 4-Ethylguaiacol, Wine Campus, Baumé scale, Must weight, Geisenheim Grape Breeding Institute, Zymology, Gyropalette, Governo, Mutage, UC Davis Department of Viticulture and Enology, Racking, Methoxypyrazines, Arrope, Normalizovaný muStomer, Bottle-shock. Excerpt: Christian views on alcohol are varied. Throughout the first 1, 800 years of church history, Christians consumed alcoholic beverages as a common part of everyday life and nearly always used wine (that is, fermented grape juice) in their central rite-the Eucharist or Lord's Supper. They held that both the Bible and Christian tradition taught that alcohol is a gift from God that makes life more joyous, but that overindulgence leading to drunkenness is a sin. In the mid-19th century, some Protestant Christians moved from this historic position of allowing moderate use of alcohol (sometimes called moderationism) to either deciding that not imbibing was wisest in the present circumstances (abstentionism) or prohibiting all ordinary consumption of alcohol because it was believed to be a sin (prohibitionism). Today, all three of these positions exist in Christianity, but the historic position remains the most common worldwide, due to the adherence by the largest bodies of Christians including Anglicanism, Catholicism, Orthodoxy, and significant segments of Protestantism. Alcoholic beverages appear repeatedly in the Bible, both in actual usage and in poetic expression, and on the whole, the Bible is ambivalent toward them, considering them both a blessing from God that brings merriment and a potential danger that can be unwisely and sinfully abused. Since nearly all Christians base their views of alcohol in whole or in part on their understanding of what the Bible says about it, the Bible is an important source on the subject, along with Jewish and Christian traditions which start with the Bible and expand upon it. The Last Supper by Leonardo da VinciThe biblical languages have several words for alcoholic beverages, and though prohibitionists and some abstentionists (see "Current views" below) dissent, there is a broad consensus that the words did ordinarily refer to intoxicating drinks. The commonness and centrality of wine in daily life in biblical times is apparent from it