In this book, the authors present current research on the types, design and safety issues of railways. Topics discussed include the acoustic characteristics of noise in train stations, monitoring railway structure conditions and opportunities to use wireless sensor networks as tools to improve the monitoring process, hydraulic absorbers as dampers to dissipate the energy of oscillations in railway electric equipment, development of train fare calculation and adjustment systems using VDM++, efficient development and verification of safe railway control software, and evolution of the connectivity of the Portuguese broad gauge railway network (1948-2012).