In recent times, Technology (T), Innovation (I) and Entrepreneurship (E) have become matters of critical importance to the economic and competitive success of nations, firms, and startups. Yet a depressingly large number of people-politicians, bureaucrats, businessmen, engineers, academics-are still locked up in the 'isms' and managerial mindsets of the last century. One reason is the paucity of academic books addressing TIE issues in a manner empathetic to the concerns of developed as well as developing societies. This book is the second part of a new textbook trilogy that seeks to fill this gap. A special feature is the inclusion of comparative insights derived by the author during his academic pursuits in India, the UK, Hong Kong/China, and the USA. Part I had examined TIE interactions from the perspectives of the world and nation-building. Part II (this book) focuses on issues of importance to individual firms. Part III will adopt the perspective of a startup.