Despite the persistent data gaps, a large amount of empirical evidence on the state of gender equality has been gathered worldwide, especially during the last few decades. This international data-gathering activity over the last decade largely revolved around the UN's 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Still, many other global, regional, and national initiatives and empirical programs have also contributed to the pool of available gender data. This book represents a concise overview of the key aspects of the available empirical evidence on the state of gender equality worldwide. The book starts with an overview of the status of the SDGs in terms of gender equality. It follows with a short outline of the main results across available global gender equality indicators and measures and other important global empirical programs dealing with this topic. The book also discusses the observed data inadequacies and gaps and the possible ways of improving the quantity and quality of gender data.