The Plant Hormone Ethylene: Stress Acclimation and Agricultural Applications presents current knowledge on our understanding of ethylene reception and signaling, its role in the regulation of plant physiological processes, and its contribution to acclimation in stressful environments. In persistently changing environmental conditions, several stress factors influence cellular metabolism, ultimately causing reduced plant growth and development with a significant loss in agricultural productivity. Sustainable agriculture depends on the acclimation of plant processes to the changing environment through altered physiological and molecular responses, which are controlled by plant hormones, including ethylene. Ethylene, the simplest alkene, is also known as "the volatile hormone, ¿ one of the most critical hormones in plants. It is a signaling molecule with the ability to modulate several responses at the molecular level in plants, from various processes related to plant growth and development (from seed germination to senescence), to several responses to changing environmental conditions (including both biotic and abiotic stresses). As a plant hormone involved in several physiological and biochemical processes that are tightly connected with the yield of agriculture crops, ethylene can interact with primary and secondary metabolism of plants affecting both yield and quality.