Contrary to popular belief Muslim thought seems nearly pluralistic in character. In fact there was a formal, clear cut ethics and etiquette (adaab) of disagreement among them. There are at least three major paradigms of Muslim Philosophy: the traditionalists, the rationalists and the sufis (the only paradigm that has accommodated the female perspective). There have been both classical and modernist exponents. The vision of this anthology is thematic and not historical. Thus the readings are not in a chronological order. Classical philosophers have consequently been put together with sub-continental thinkers. It is only Philosophy that has entertained from the most radical to the moderate to the ultra-conservative stance. There is no one established form unanimously agreed upon or respected. This is the strength of critical inquiry. The avowed aim of Philosophy is to de-dogmatize and to consider alternative hypotheses so that intellectual development survives and cognitive inquiry thrives. The putting together of this anthology is in consonance with such an objective.