Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the dominant protocol in modern communication networks, within which the issues of reliability, data flow and congestion control must be handled efficiently. TCP provides a communication service at an intermediate level between an application program and the Internet Protocol (IP). With the evolution of Third Generation (3G) toward 4G wireless network, such as Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-Advanced) standard, the use of TCP becoming more important for reliable end-to-end data delivery. As TCP was initially designed for wired networks, the LTE-Advanced network performance will degrade due to signal impairment and heavily congested links. Consequently, the traditional TCP versions such as Tahoe, Reno, Newreno, Sack, Fack, and Vegas, could not fulfil LTE-Advanced requirements to support huge number of user equipment's that need wider channel bandwidth, low latency, and the enormous data stream transferred over this network. The objective of this book is to investigate the significant role of TCP over LTE and LTE-Advanced networks and to analysing the opportunities to enhance the TCP variants to run efficiently over these networks.