Excerpt from Whist Universal: An Analysis of the Game, as Improved by the Introduction of American Leads and Adapted to All Methods of Play

According to the celebrated player James Clay, it was a great triumph for the Frenchmen when some forty years ago the English champions went to France to do battle, and were constrained to return with a system modified, if not improved, by their French experience. For our neighbors ac curate, logical, and original thinkers had not been content to imitate our system, but had created a system of their own. We were forced to recog nize a wide difference between their system and ours and the French game became the scorn and the horror of the old school. But that old school of England went gradually to its grave with an unchanged faith, and in. The firm belief that the invaders with their rash trump-leading were all mad, and that their great master Deschapelles, the first Whist-player beyond any comparison the world has ever seen, was a dangerous lunatic.

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