Source: Wikipedia. Commentary (books not included). Pages: 25. Chapters: A Clockwork Orange, Brainwash: The Secret History of Mind Control, Brainwashing: The Science of Thought Control, Combatting Cult Mind Control, Cults in Our Midst, Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes, Releasing the Bonds, Snapping: America's Epidemic of Sudden Personality Change, The Making of a Moonie, The Manchurian Candidate, Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism, Twisted Scriptures. Excerpt: Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes (1965/1973) (French: , original French edition: 1962) is a book on the subject of propaganda by French philosopher, theologian, legal scholar, and sociologist Jacques Ellul. This book appears to be the first attempt to study propaganda from a sociological approach as well as a psychological one. It presents a sophisticated taxonomy for propaganda, including such paired opposites as political¿sociological, vertical¿horizontal, rational¿irrational, and agitation¿integration. The book contains Ellul's theories about the nature of propaganda to adapt the individual to a society, to a living standard and to an activity aiming to make the individual serve and conform. The work concerns propaganda as an inner control over an individual by a social force. During World War II, Ellul was a leader in the French resistance after being discharged as a professor from French universities by the Vichy regime. After France's liberation, he became professor at the University of Bordeaux. He authored 58 books and numerous articles over his lifetime, the dominant theme of which has been the threat to human freedom created by modern technology. In 1947, Ellul was appointed chair of law and social history at the Institut d'études politiques that increased his reputation as a social and political philosopher which led to the publication of his works in the United States. Propaganda has long been recognized as a general phenomenon in the modern world. As early as 1928, Edward Bernays recognized propaganda as a modern instrument to be utilized to produce productive ends and ¿help bring order out of chaos¿. Since then, there has been great difficulty in determining what constitutes propaganda in our world and what the nature of propaganda is because it is a secret action. For a long time, propaganda was simplistically viewed as being able to modify sentiments and attitudes of an individual without their being conscious of such an attempt. This lim