With the advancements in the medical and scientific fields, the global community has acquired a comprehensive understanding about brain insults and pathologies. In addition, new findings and discoveries are being made globally every day, which keep our curiosity high and drive a knowledge gain. Any brain insult or pathology is multifactorial, including a cascade of inflammation, necrotic, and apoptotic pathways, can be influenced by genetic or environmental factors, and may lead to chronic neurodegeneration or disabilities. This Special Issue, entitled "Brain Injury and Neurodegeneration: Molecular, Functional, and Translational Approach", has addressed various important aspects of brain injury and neurodegeneration, such as TBI, cerebral hypoxia, epilepsy, AD, and SARS-CoV-2-mediated brain damage. It received appreciable global response, and published 18 peer-reviewed articles, including 10 research articles and 8 reviews. Briefly, it explores the recent coronavirus infection-mediated cerebral damage, discusses the mechanism of TBI, ischemia, hypoxia, and epilepsy, talks about neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and CONDCA, and, finally, reviews the translational values of phytochemicals in brain pathologies. In conclusion, this Special Issue provides a unique review on brain injury and neurodegeneration, and will be a good tool in enhancing knowledge in terms of brain disease-related pathology, mechanisms, and translational approach.